El balonmano guantanamero en la década de 1973-1983Guantanamo handball in the decade 1973-1983Rogelio García-Bulgar Universidad de Guantánamo, Guantánamo, CubaCorreo (s) electrónico (s) rogeliogb@cug.co.cu; rogelio.garcia@inder.gob.cuORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0849-1679 Recibido: de marzo de 2024Aceptado: 16 de agosto de 2024Resumen El presente artículo ofrece un análisis de los principales acontecimientos del balonmano guantanamero en la década de 1973-1983, el mismo surge por la necesidad de solventar la carencia de estudios historiográficos relacionados con el desarrollo de este deporte en Guantánamo. La investigación fue dirigida al equipo femenino escolar de la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva Escolar Rafael Freyre Torres. El diagnóstico exploratorio arrojó insuficiencias en el orden del conocimiento relacionado con los principales acontecimientos del balonmano en la década señalada. Se emplearon métodos científicos teóricos y empíricos. El aporte radica en la consumación de una reseña histórica relacionada con la divulgación de los acontecimientos del balonmano guantanamero en la década de 1973-1983, que potencia en el equipo objeto de investigación el caudal de conocimientos.Palabras clave. Balonmano; Historia local; Jugadoras; Competencias.SummaryThis article offers an analysis of the main events of Guantanamo handball in the decade of 1973-1983, which arises from the need to solve the lack of historiographic studies related to the development of this sport in Guantanamo. The research was directed to the female school team of the Initiation Sports School Rafael Freyre Torres. The exploratory diagnosis showed insufficiencies in the order of knowledge related to the main handball events in the indicated decade. Theoretical and empirical scientific methods were used. The contribution lies in the completion of a historical review related to the dissemination of handball events in Guantanamo in the decade of 1973-1983, which enhances the wealth of knowledge in the team under investigation.Key words: Handball; Local history; Players; CompetitionsIntroduction The current educational revolution, aimed at the constant improvement of quality, is a top priority of the Cuban State, which demands to establish, from the earliest ages, a comprehensive general culture, where the learning of history plays a major role, with the vision that the new generations are awarded the changes, supported by the confirmation of the authenticity of the facts and the feats performed by its citizens.History is considered one of the humanistic sciences that has been most useful to human beings, it reflects on the whole of society in the past and aims to teach to understand what are the keys behind the facts, historical phenomena, and processes, while raising the cultural heritage to keep updated, as truthfully as possible, the events. It is a priority, in the Cuban sports movement, to provide its members with an integral culture to generate as a sign of a cultured people, to such an extent that historical research is an important link in the development of the strategies outlined by the National Institute of Sports, Physical Education and Recreation (Inder). In this regard, Pérez et al (2023) stated that the objective is to rescue the experiences of athletes, professionals, coaches, leaders and specialists who have achieved important achievements for the revolutionary sport, through the practice of sports.At the same time, they emphasized that, in our country, education has played a fundamental role in satisfying the social need to preserve local history. At present, local historical research occupies an important link in the development of the strategies outlined by the highest leadership of the Cuban sports movement, in terms of the preparation of athletes for future competitions. In that order, professionals, leaders and specialists need to deepen in the traditions that throughout history have set a model in the sports activity at national and world level.Referring to local history, Vidal (2023) said: It is a complex process that takes place in any socio-educational activity, which allows the student a developmental learning from a perspective associated with the assimilation and construction of knowledge at different levels of performance and development, using didactic materials on local history in the teaching-learning process. (p.3)As a reference for the research, there are works carried out by (Guerra, 2007; Noblet, 2009; Ramírez, 2008 and Rill, 2008), among others, but their assessments related to the decade of 1973-1983 lack depth. The exploratory diagnosis, based on scientific methods, revealed the following shortcomings:Lack of studies aimed at promoting the historical memory of Guantanamo handball in the 1973-1983 decade. Lack of knowledge of the main events of Guantanamo handball in the decade 1973-1983.These insufficiencies allowed declaring the following scientific problem: How to contribute to promote the main events of handball in Guantanamo in the decade of 1973-1983, school category of the School of School Sports Initiation (Eide) "Rafael Freyre Torres"?In correspondence with the problem, the objective is to elaborate a historical review based on the identification of the main events of handball in Guantanamo during the decade 1973-1983. Development Handball was introduced in Guantánamo in 1973, through the Physical Education teacher, Jorge Olivares Castro, in the Basic Secondary School in the countryside (Esbec) Víctor I. Patzaiev, located in the Vilorio settlement, Niceto Pérez García municipality. At first, it was inserted in the warm-up of Physical Education classes, and later, as an optional sport. Among the first student-athletes to practice this sport were Enrique Nieto (KiKi), Roberto Romero Sosa (Plomo), Rafael Agüero Antón, Carlos Anderes, Jorge Luis Bueno Cardona and goalkeeper Enrique Collazo, among others.In order to spread this sport and gain in massiveness, Olivares Castro, advises the versatile professor Armando Bueno Hechavarría, to promote it in the city of Guantánamo, this one, obeys to his request, and initiates the practices in a clay field, property of Mr. Claro Guilarte, where today is located the Polyclinic of the North Popular Council, which became the first sports area of handball in the capital city.From this area, the most outstanding players were Eugenio Martínez (Chiri), Leonardo Planche (Cambrón), Elio Fournier, Jesús Favier, Argenis Torres Faure (Pity) and Rolando Ferrer (Pipo), the latter together with the players Granma Clairat Wilson and Norvis Rodríguez, became the first handball players in this province to promote the Higher School of Athletic Improvement (Espa).The boom experienced by the practice of handball in this territory, demanded to its founder, to raise its methodological technical level, and with such intention, participates in the first national course of activist of carried out in 1973, in the province of Santiago de Cuba, in which he acquires the necessary tools to consolidate it. His progress was so remarkable that he was able to perform in several functions such as; head of municipal sports activities, provincial methodologist, among others. It is worth mentioning that, before settling in handball in Guantánamo, players from this locality took their first steps in this exciting game at the Provincial School of Physical Education Teachers (Epef), established in the province of Santiago de Cuba, as part of their teacher training, such is the case of Ángel Bárbaro Díaz Cardosa, Carlos Linton Portes, Víctor Manuel Preval Wilson, Iván Videaux Rill, Maricel Masó Reyna, Ciro Fuentes Rouseaux and Augusto Bosch. Others such as Roberto Abad (Papa Campanón), Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán, Luis Urgelles (Wicho), Reynaldo Laffita, (all from Baracoa), and the native of the town of Jamaica, Lorenzo Jardines Niolo, acquired their knowledge in their respective military units, where they were doing their Military Service. According to Canedo (1974), the first handball tournament staged in this territory consisted of a triangular series in the youth category held in the sports area located in Máximo Gómez, on the corner of 5 Sur, with the participation of teams from the Polytechnic School of Baltony, the municipality of Guantánamo and the favorite team of the Esbec Víctor I. Patzaiev, which won by defeating the hosts in the decisive match with a score of 13 goals to 4, with outstanding players Jorge Olivares Castro (teacher and player) and Enrique Viera. At the end of this tournament, the pre-selection of the municipality of Guantánamo was formed for the provincial event held in the town of Palma Soriano. There, the novice Guantanamerans, mostly composed of students from the Esbec Victor Patzaiev, faced teams that surpassed them in experience, and in spite of the courage shown, they finished in fourth place. According to Montesino (1975), the most outstanding feature of these early years, in the individual order, was the inclusion of the player Carlos Linton Portes, in the national youth team that participated in the Youth Friendship Games held in Havana, with an outstanding performance in the match against the difficult Russian team, where he managed to score on 3 occasions. Another encouraging result achieved by the hard-working players of the yard was the second place in the Provincial Event, held at the Pedro Agustín Pérez Square in 1976, due to the collective performance shown, as well as the leading role played by Carlos Linton Portes, Ángel Bárbaro Díaz Cardosa, Jorge Luis Blanco and Julián Rodríguez, among others. The event was the first handball competition at provincial level held in the province of Guantánamo.At the beginning of 1976, the work to spread handball continued, which is why the municipal methodologist, Héctor Nieves, together with the activist Giorbis Montero and the practical teacher Alfredo Carbonell Barcelay (James), transformed a part of the parking lot in the vicinity of the Nguyen Van Troi stadium into a field for handball practice. This irregular installation became the main sports area where the teams of this region prepared for provincial and national events. On May 25, 1976, the capital of Guantanamo became, for the first time, the venue of a national event. On that occasion, the II Juvenile Men's Championship was staged in what is today the Pedro Agustín Pérez Poly Functional Square, with the participation of 12 teams, among them, the Orients and Miners teams representing the eastern provinces, the latter including Guantanamo's Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán and Iván Videaux Rill. It was an attractive inauguration, which included a beautiful cultural show, also attended by the main governmental and political authorities of the territory.In this event, the Henequeneros team was the undefeated winner, with a remarkable performance by 16-year-old Pablo Sotomayor, member of the champion team, who was the leading scorer with a total of 106 goals, while the player representing the Oriental team, Roberto Zulueta, achieved the distinction of being the most useful player. A significant result of this tournament was the large number of adolescents who enjoyed this new sporting discipline, many of whom were inclined to practice it.In these beginnings, there was almost no tendency of women to practice handball, however, in November of that same year, the First National Women's Championship was held in the province of Santiago de Cuba, with the participation of six teams representing the provinces existing at that time. In that competition, the Oriental team won the championship, defeating all its opponents undefeated. The Guantanameran Venancia Garrido and Marisel Masó Reyna, who were part of the Oriente team, became the first handball players from this province to reach the awards podium.This was only the beginning of the central player Maricel Masó, who came to participate in 16 national senior championships, representing her homeland, always as a starting player, where she finished among the top 20 by scoring 314 goals, only surpassed in this province, by the stars Dayli Leescaille Cajigal, Yasnay Turro Beltrán, Dayana Smith García, Marlenes López and Xiomara Caraballo Elias. In spite of her demonstrated quality, she was a victim, not being part of the national team; later she became an outstanding trainer, educator of several generations of handball players; she contributed with a significant number of players to provincial and national events. For many specialists, she is worthy of the Constancy Award. In order to gain more followers, the practice of handball expands in the capital city, and a new sports area is established in the vicinity of the Railroad, under the guidance of Bueno Hechavarría in a clay field, which became the reference for this sport, although, due to its characteristics not appropriate for this sport, several official matches were moved to the paved field of the Esbu, Pedro Agustín Pérez.In the Primate City of Baracoa, this popular game began as a form of recreation at the end of 1976, when young people like Joaquin Caballero (La Máquina), Julio Garrido (Yinyere), among others, went to the Punta field to enjoy and share the skills exhibited by the military-players Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán, Reynaldo Laffita, Roberto Abad (Papa Campanón), and Luis Urgelles (Wicho), on their days off.However, in an organized way, handball was initiated in the first Villa de Cuba, in September 1978, through Professor Armando Abad (Talito), a graduate of the School of Teachers of the Epef of Santiago de Cuba. He practiced in the esplanade of La Punta, (Cacique Hatuey Square), a locality that reached a dizzying development and became the main rival of the municipality of Guantánamo, fighting between them most of the finals in provincial events, and the contribution of a significant number of players to the delegations representing the area in national tournaments.Another of the relevant results of the school category, male sex, was the second place reached in 1977, in the National Zonal Championship of category celebrated in Holguín, in this one, the players Rolando Ferrer (Pipo) stood out, who finished as leader scorer with a total of 25 goals in the category 13-14 years; while, in the category 15-16 years, the stellar left-handed player of the Primada City, Joaquín Caballero obtained the same distinction with 38 goals.The incipient practice of this sport was accompanied by a lack of sports infrastructure, including a high performance center where training could be more systematic, which is why the best school handball prospects of the territory shared the same Eide with the sister province of Santiago de Cuba. The Guantanamo players who played the most important role in this selection were Juan Soria Iznaga, Jesús Favier, José Antonio Martínez Castillo (Toni), Francisco Garzón (Maraña), Rolando Ferrer and Nolvis Rodríguez, among others, the latter two, together with Granma Clairat Wilson, were the first Guantanamero handball players promoted to the Escuela Superior de Perfeccionamiento Atlético (Espa), all of them led by the coaches from Baracoa, Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán and Luis Urgelles (Wicho).November 8, 1978, is considered a historic day for Guantanamo handball, when for the first time a women's team, led by methodologist-coach Héctor Nieves Cruz and Disraelis Bernardo, participated in the First National Senior Championship, held at the René Fraga Moreno field in the city of Matanzas, with the participation of 12 teams, where the Guaso players won the bronze medal. For her part, Madelaine Álvarez was selected as the most useful player.In the municipality of El Salvador, this dynamic game arrived in September 1978, through the Physical Education teacher, Silvio Lamothe Cardona, at the Arnoldo García School in the town of Costa Rica. In the beginning, he taught this sport as a subject, but due to the motivation that he achieved in the students, he formed the first teams of this town that participated in the provincial sports calendar, from here Juan Eulasio Morales Cueva (Cuchito), Norge Moros, Noel Benítez, all of them participated in national championships.The following year, Professor Ciro Fuentes Rouxeaux, radiated it to the Escuela Secondary Basic en el Campo (Esbec) "Celia Sánchez Manduley" of Bayate, where he added several players who came to stand out at the provincial level, such is the case of players Jorge Asencio and Conrado Caballero Borjas, among others. The first senior male handball team to represent this province, after the new political-administrative division, was formed by the following players: Field, Eugenio Martínez (Chiri), Gilberto Durán Wilson (Chachito), Jesús Borges, Joaquín Ramírez, Joaquín Caballero, Lorenzo Jardines Niolo, Raymundo Lara Brooks (Mundo), Ángel Bárbaro Díaz Cardosa, Roberto Abad, Reinaldo Laffita, and Leonel Lewy; as goalkeeper players served: Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán and Rafael Durrutty (Felo), while the management was in charge of activists Giolvys Montero and Julián Rodríguez. The beginnings of this popular sport in the town of Jamaica date back to 1978, through Professor Roberto Tirado González, who worked in this sport for 9 months. The most outstanding players were Leonardo Llamos Jarrosay, Vladimir de León Cara, Astenio Betancourt Heredia and Leovigildo Manfarrol Brooks. In this regard, Rill (2008) states that Professor Iván Videaux Rill is the precursor of this game in that town.The truth is that in this town, handball became one of the most popular sports in the population, largely due to the rapid progress of its players, who reinforced the Guantanamo teams in the various provincial events, while the number of players contributed to the provincial centers was also important, this term became an obligatory place for preparation matches between the teams of the capital city and the provincial centers of high performance, both the Academy and the Eide. In the provincial capital, it expands at the end of 1979, with the establishment of the sports area located in the Physical Education field belonging to the School of Economics, under the orders of Professor Marisel Masó Reyna, and the practical teacher Disraeli Bernardo, a field where the senior women's team, participant in the national championship held that same year, was prepared. The town of Manuel Tames was another of the territories incorporated to the practice of this sport, through the Physical Education teachers Rolando Martínez and Jorge Loynaz Ramos, both from Guantanamo who were doing their social service in that locality, who incorporated it as an optional sport, although they managed to insert it into the sports calendar, serving as a reference for its later development.The provincial commission of this sport in Guantánamo, seeking to raise the technical and tactical level of the players, drew up several strategies, one of them consisted in the concentration of the most potential school athletes in the Esbec "Luis Artemio Carbó Ricardo", where the trainings were guided by another of the outstanding Guantanamero coaches, Roberto Tirado González, assisted by Ángel Bárbaro Díaz Cardosa and the practical teacher, Ciro Fuentes Rouseaux. The most promising figure of this team turned out to be Emilio Sánchez Ármand, who was later promoted to the national team representing Santiago de Cuba.The marine town of Caimanera, also joined the practice of this sport in 1980, through Rodolfo Spencer (Fito), the brothers Rigoberto and Marcelo Naranjo, all in the sport of water polo, and Felix Odelin (Ito), who finished in the provincial championship of that year, among the top scorers with a total of 21 goals, and collectively finished in fourth place.By this time, the municipality of Baracoa became a strong obstacle for those of the municipal capital, a clear example of this occurred in the provincial games of 1980, senior category, where both contenders in the decisive challenge, ended in a tie, so they had to resort to two overtimes, which ended with equal luck, deciding the provincial technical committee, awarding both the first place. In this encounter, the most outstanding player was the left-handed player from Baracoa, Joaquín Caballero, who managed to score on 8 occasions, and finished as the top scorer of the tournament with a total of 20 goals.On the occasion of the XV International Boxing Tournament, Giraldo Cordova Cardin, the province planned the construction of several allegorical works for this event, among them, the handball field in the sports city next to the Nguyen Van-Troi Stadium, which hosted various national events.The privilege of establishing this new facility made it possible to host one of the two qualifying phases of the zonal youth men's championship, which awarded three places in the final stage. Here, the host team obtained one of the tickets in dispute, after finishing tied with the team from Holguín, defined by better goal difference. Once again, the Guantanameros were coached by professor Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán.In this, the fans witnessed the performances of several promising handball players, such as Rafael Espinosa Peña from Santiago, among the best in Cuba, Modesto Quintana (Papito) from Pinar del Río, and Pablo Felicito Figueredo Marín (Caracusey) from Sancti Spiritus; the latter two, in later years, were part of our national teams. Handball in the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR), was one of the most deeply rooted sports, several players of the absolute national team came from military institutions, hence the rivalry between the participating teams. On the occasion of the VII National Tournament between military units, Rodolfo García Bulgar (Cuchito), from Guantanamo, as a member of the Cuban Military Mission in Angola (Mmca) team, achieved an exceptional performance that was decisive for his team to win the silver medal, while, individually, he was the leading scorer of the event with a total of 53 goals.This performance was enough for him to be part of Cuba's national military team in the Spartaquiada de los Ejércitos Amigos, held in Berlin, Germany, becoming the first Guantanamero handball player to participate in foreign competitions. In this group played, among others, the players Juan Francisco Querol Morales (The magician) and José Orbein Nenínger Rodríguez, selected for their relevant results, among the 100 best athletes of the century in Cuba.Another of the national events that took place and with pleasant results was the senior men's championship, second division, held in March 1983. Here, against all competitive forecasts, the local team won first place by defeating, in a hard-fought match, the favorite team of Camagüey with a score of 20 goals to 19, thanks to the magnificent group cohesion shown, as well as the individual work of players Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán and Rodolfo García Bulgar (Cuchito), distinguished with the nominations of best goalkeeper and leading scorer of the tournament, respectively. Guantanamo's handball experienced new contributions to the national centers, on this occasion, through the player Gerardo González (Wilson), who joined the national youth team, while the women Xiomara Caraballo Elías and Marlenes López Martínez, years later, were promoted to the senior national team, and were part of the first Cuban women's team to participate in international events.As the sport was promoted in this province, there was an increasing demand from officials and coaches for a High Performance Training Center (Cear), where the best school players of this locality would be concentrated, so that training would become more systematic and would allow team cohesion, while the results achieved merited such a request.This fair demand was fulfilled in the 1981-1982 school year, with the inauguration of the "Rafael Freyre Torres" Eide in Guantanamo, where handball was represented by the 13-14 and 15-16 year old male categories, under the supervision of professors Víctor Preval Wilson and Roberto Tirado González, respectively. Outstanding players in this group were Omar Quiñones Levy and Francisco Martínez (Judoka), who became part of the Guantánamo teams in national events in the senior category.Another of the stellar Guantanamera basketball players was the pivot Dayli Lescaille Cajigal, a player with a refined technique and excellent precision in the throws, who started in this sport at the age of 24, not an appropriate age for the beginning of collective sports, however, her basketball career helped her to master the basic elements and earn the title in the compact senior team of the territory. This athlete participated in 11 national championships, where she finished with the sum of 528 goals, which placed her as the fourth player with more goals in Cuba, even surpassing many of the members of the national team; her sports career was so brilliant that the specialists chose her in the all-star offensive team of the country, however, she was a victim of injustice when she was not part of the national team.This decade was characterized by the poor methodological technical level of those in charge of teaching this sport discipline, Jesús Baró and Héctor Nieves Cruz, provincial and municipal methodologist respectively, did not have degrees in accordance with their functions, as they did not come from academic formation, as well as, the limited bibliography that led the trainings to acquire an empirical profile. As a positive element it can be said that, despite its new incorporation in the country, handball was included in the curriculum of the Physical Education program.Also insufficient was the training of the people in charge of administering justice, which was detrimental to the quality of the events developed in the province, however, the systematic work placed Guantanamo's handball among the best eastern provinces, with a special mention for professors Armando Bueno Hechavarría, Jorge Olivares Castro, Maricel Masó Reyna, Víctor Manuel Preval Wilson, Bernardo Abad (Talito), activist Giorbis Montero and Samuel Rosendo Díaz Guzmán, the most successful of the Guantanamero coaches, who became a member of the coaching staff of the Orientales team in the First Elite League. As a culmination of this decade (1973-1983), the 13-14 years old male team won the gold medal in the II Inter Eide Games, held in Havana City, which counted with the technical direction of the outstanding professor Victor Preval Wilson and the excellent sporting form experienced by the player Francisco Martinez Fuentes (Judoka), who culminated as the leading scorer. At present, handball in Guantanamo, despite experiencing a substantial increase of teachers, is going through a difficult situation in all scenarios, at the grassroots level, the practice of this sport is reduced to only four municipalities (Guantanamo, Baracoa, Manuel Tames and Niceto Perez), while in the Eide, the enrollment includes only the female sex, while the number of contributions to national centers decreases considerably, and the competitive results are catalogued as adverse.Regarding the scientific potential, only three of the 35 coaches that make up the technical force in the province, have the category of Master, two of them with teaching category, reflecting the shortcomings in the technical-methodological order.In the decade of 1973-1983, Guantanamo handball experienced flattering results, with relevant facts and significant contributions to national teams of several of its players, however, it does not have a written memory, which allows readers and interested parties to identify with greater veracity the main events of this period. Sample and methodology The research was directed to the 12 players of the handball team, female school category of the Eide "Rafael Freyre Torres de Guantánamo", with an average age of 13.2 years and two years of sports experience, as well as, the four teachers, who represent 100%, and a work experience of 18.2 years, all selected through intentional probabilistic sampling. In order to answer the scientific problem of this research, it was necessary to use the following methods:TheoreticalHistorical-logical analysis, allowed the historical antecedents to be based, according to the order being investigated, as well as their relation with the problem and the proposed objective; and to give a logical order to the research. Analysis and synthesis, admitted the analysis and evaluation of the historical elements that are the theoretical support of the research, achieving a synthesis in a general way, more accurate, to make viable the study of the historical context that is approached, it was considered, the origin and main events, as well as a brief summary and evaluation of the arguments of the period.Induction and deduction, conditioned the treatment of the data obtained, from the instruments applied, in addition to what was stated, it was necessary that the same became the fundamental link of the veracity of the data obtained. EmpiricalDocument analysis, consisted of the revision of bibliographic sources with the objective of investigating the collection of information on the main events that occurred in Guantanamo handball in the decade of 1973-1983.The survey was used to determine the level of knowledge of the handball teachers about the main events in the decade 1973-1983. The interview allowed to establish a level of communication between the researcher and the participants, as well as to know their considerations about the knowledge of the historical review of handball in Guantanamo during the decade 1973-1983.Mathematical levelMethodological triangulation, which made it possible to determine the percentage that represents the population, based on the results of the interviews and surveys.Percentage calculation technique, used to determine the percentage that represents the population from the results of the interviews and surveys.Discussion and results Results of the interview with playersIn the first question, only two (2) of the players, representing 17%, are aware of the existence of documents that address the main events of Guantanamo handball, the remaining ten, 83%, are unaware of the existence of documents on the subject.In the second question, all of the interviewees (12), that is, 100%, responded positively to the importance of knowing the main events of Guantánamo handball to increase their general culture, as well as to be inspired by the outstanding figures.In the third question, 3 of the players (25 %) have knowledge of the main figures of Guantanamo handball in the decade of 1973-1983, the remaining 9 (75 %) do not know the main protagonists of this period.Regarding the fourth and last question, 100 % did not know the best result of Guantanamo handball in the decade 1973-1983.Results of the teachers' survey In the first question, there was consensus among the 4 respondents (100 %) in considering that the knowledge of the main events of Guantanamo handball in the decade 1973-1983 contributes to increase the knowledge of local historiography. The second question, related to the best individual result of handball in Guantánamo, only one of the respondents (25%) answered affirmatively; the remaining three, representing 75%, responded that they did not know the best individual result achieved by handball in this territory.The third question, referring to mentioning three of the main exponents of handball in Guantanamo in the decade 1973-1983, all 4 respondents (100%) answered correctly.In the fourth question, all of the respondents (100%) did not know the first Guantanamero handball player to represent our country abroad.The results obtained from the methodological triangulation based on the empirical methods interview and survey, showed insufficient knowledge about the main events of Guantanamo handball in the decade of 1973-1983, which reveals the need to establish a historical review that enhances the cultural heritage in the sample consulted.Conclusions The analysis of the historical background of the main events of Guantanamo handball in the decade 1973-1983, corroborates the lack of historiographic studies that enhance the knowledge related to the historical development of handball in Guantanamo. The document that supports the historical review of the main events of handball in Guantanamo is conducive to enhance knowledge in the community under investigation. To disseminate the bibliographic material in order to motivate new generations to practice this sport.Bibliographical referencesBueno, A. (1977, 30 de marzo). Finaliza provincial de balonmano. Venceremos, 4.Canedo, M. (1977, 14 de agosto). Competencia de balonmano municipal en el patio deportivo de la "Pedro A. Pérez". Venceremos, 4.Cantero, J. (1976, 17 de noviembre). Invicto Guantánamo en nacional femenino de balonmano. Juventud Rebelde, 5.Cantero, J. (1978,17 de noviembre). Triunfa Santiago de Cuba en nacional de balonmano (f). Juventud Rebelde, 3.Echenique, Y. (2018). Desafío en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la historia local: una alternativa didáctica. 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(1981, 18 de noviembre). Terminación de los terrenos de balonmano aledaños al estadio Nguyen Van Troi. Venceremos, 4.Su Figueras, M. (1983, 5 de marzo). Triunfo de Guantánamo sobre Camagüey. Venceremos, 4.Su Figueras, M. (1981, 18 de noviembre). Terminación de los terrenos de balonmano aledaños al estadio Nguyen Van Troi. Venceremos, 3.Vidal y Col. (2023). Plaza 24 de febrero, un sitio lleno de historia. Revista Ciencia y Progreso. Vol 8(20). p 3.6768465939165000Vol.9, No.26, octubre-diciembre, año 2024 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT28-4000501841500Ciencia y Progreso Publicada en línea: octubre, 2024, RNPS: 2477, ISSN: 2707-7098 http://cienciayprogreso.cug.co.cu.Rogelio García: El balonmano guantanamero en la década de 1973-19836711315934402500Vol.9, No.26, octubre-diciembre, año 2024 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT41iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAboAAACOCAYAAABHa82KAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACx jwv8YQUAAAAgY0hSTQAAeiYAAICEAAD6AAAAgOgAAHUwAADqYAAAOpgAABdwnLpRPAAAAAlwSFlz AAAh1QAAIdUBBJy0nQAAQr9JREFUeF7tfQmYXEXVdieZnpksoIBASHqSsGg0CuqHy4eKfKgooiDw IyibIPALIhi2DwRlEdmVRWRHUDYBk8lkAREEBGRHCWHf9zUQErbsk+99q6t7qm/Xvbfq9r29zZnn 6ad7uuvW8tby1jl1zqnc9Hz+6OtyuVVz8heKwFW53PBp+fwxN+dyowQmQUAQEAQEgRZDoC+ffwKL +Mt9nZ3brMjlhrRY9TOv7syOjo2Bz8PAZ/G1udzKmRcoBQgCgoAgIAikiwCJDov4Crz6saBPndLd PT7dElozN5Da6sDkQryWaXyE6FqzK6XWgoAgMNgRMIiOZLdiWmfnO72dnb+gum4wYnNfLpfv7ej4 GXCYqwlO4SIS3WAcDdJmQUAQaAsEgkRXWtwh3T2N1w6DRZ3JdqLtW2k1ZYnczHeR6NpixEsjBAFB 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